Tuesday 28 April 2009

Is Swine Flu Causing Cytokine Storms?

Scientists investigating the 1918-1919 "Spanish Flu" pandemic believe that that strain of H1N1 influenza caused so much damage partly by causing victim's immune system to go into overdrive.
Researchers exhumed bodies that were buried in permafrost in Alaska and Canada, and managed to isolate the virus. When primates were infected with this strain, the scientists observed massive spikes in cytokines.
Cytokines are produced by cells when they become infected by a virus. They act as a signal to the body's immune system which then sends antibodies to that area.
The problems caused by the Spanish Flu virus were because it was such a new and unusual strain. The victims cells produced cytokines at a much higher rate, and affected organs were flooded by antibodies. Influenza is a respiratory illness and infected patients lungs were flooded with so many antibodies that their lungs were overwhelmed, ultimately leading to pneumonia.
The current outbreak seems to be affecting healthy young adults most severely, so it seems that it may be harming people via a similar mechanism.
The danger is as the virus resides in more hosts there is a much greater risk of the virus exchanging genetic material with other strains of influenza. Could this make the virus even more exotic to the immune system, and make "cytokine storms" more severe?

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